Lambda Calculus in Perl

#!/usr/bin/perl

# lambda expression = anonymous subroutine

# all subroutines defined in this file are anonymous

my $apply = sub { # lift

  my ($func,@args)=@_;

  sub {$func->(@args,@_)} # bind

};

my $identity = sub { # wrap

  my $value=shift;

  sub {$value}

};

my $self_apply = sub {

  my $func=shift;

  $apply->($func,$func);

};

my $do_pipe = sub {

  my $out=shift;

  for(@_){$out=$_->($out);}

  $out

};

my $say    = sub {print shift->(),”\n”};

my $prefix = sub {$identity->(“prefix ” . shift->())};

my $suffix = sub {$identity->(shift->() . ” suffix”)};

print $identity->(‘raja’)->(),”\n”;

print $apply->($prefix)->($identity->(‘xyz’))->(),”\n”;

my $v=$identity->(‘123’);

my $p=$apply->($suffix)->($v);

my $s=$apply->($prefix)->($p);

$say->($s);

$do_pipe->(

  ‘456’,

  $identity,

  $suffix,

  $prefix,

  $say

);

$self_apply->(

  sub {

    my ($decr,$in)=@_;

    if(!$in){return;}

    print “$in\n”;

    $decr->($decr,$in-1);

  }

)->(7);