Application Layer: End user processes like file transfer, e-mail, network software services. E.g. Telnet, FTP
Presentation/Syntax Layer: Format, Encrypt data to send across network.
Session Layer: Establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications .
Transport Layer: End-to-end error recovery, flow control.
Network Layer: Switching, Routing, Addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing.
Data Link Layer: Encoding, decoding data packets into bits.
Media Access Control Sub-layer: Data access/transmit permissions.
Logical Link Sub-layer: Frame synchronization, flow control, error checking.
Physical Layer: Conveys the bit stream (electrical, light, radio)
E.g. Ethernet, RS232, ATM
An easy way to remember : use the following quotes
“All People Seem To Need Data Processing”
“People Do Not Trust Sales People Always”
